The Parisian club has now claimed the prestigious cup on fourteen separate times.
The Parisian giants needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a fourth straight Trophee des Champions title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward win in the showdown featuring the French league champions and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele opened the net in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille fired twice in the closing moments to take a surprise advantage. First, Mason Greenwood scored from the penalty spot, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of fortune, the Portuguese striker grabbed a crucial leveler in the dying moments to force the match into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the key figure, saving decisive kicks from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all converted successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a convincing penalty victory.
Now 14-time champions PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now won this trophy for the 12th time in the last 13 years.